Definition and Examples of Sentence Negation in English

In  English Grammar,  sentence negation  is a type of  negation  that affects the meaning of an entire  clause.  Also known as  sentential negation, clausal negation,  and  nexal negation. (In contrast, a negation that affects the meaning of just a single word or phrase is called  constituent negation—also known as  special negation  and  subclausal negation.) Sentence negation is commonly indicated in English by the  negative particle  not  (or its reduced form,  -nt). In  colloquial English, sentence negation may be indicated by phrases such as  like hell  and  no way. Examples and Observations Two Types of Sentence NegationIt is usual to distinguish between two types of non-affixal  sentence negation  in English: firstly, negation with  not  or  -nt; and secondly, negation with the negative words  never, neither, nobody, no, none, nor, nothing  and  nowhere. Tottie (1991), for example, terms the first type Not-negation and the second type No-negation. Quirk et al. (1985: 782) give a list of the negative words together with their corresponding non-assertive forms, pointing out that there are two negative equivalents for a positive sentence containing an assertive form: thus  Weve had some lunch   has the two negative forms  We havent had any lunch  and  Weve had no lunch  (Quirk et al. 1985: 782). In the same way, these authors tell us,  He sometimes visits us  has the two negative forms  He doesnt ever visit us  and  He never visits us.(Jenny Cheshire, English Negation From an Interactional Perspective.  Negation in the History of En glish, ed. by Ingrid Tieken-Boon van Ostade, Gunnel Tottie, and Wim van der Wurff. Walter de Gruyter, 1998) I did  not  cry or yell or  lie down on the pine floorboards and kick my feet.(Sarah Tomlinson,  Good Girl: A Memoir. Gallery Books, 2015)Its  not  the case that  I cant hold my own; I can.(Morris Philipson,  Secret Understandings.  Simon Schuster, 1983)I dont  think anybody is  in a position to give answers to social problems, definite, final answers.(Satyajit Ray in  Satyajit Ray: Interviews, ed. by  Bert Cardullo. University Press of Mississippi, 2007) Arson  isnt  difficult  to prove, but it can be very difficult to prove who committed it.I see whats going to happen. You only want to go to her. You want to get your share, after all. Youll leave me without a pang.Mrs Magaw stared. But wont  you be going too? When Mrs Taker sends for you?(Henry James,  Ã¢â‚¬ Fordham Castle, 1909)  My parents didnt  want to move to Florida,  but they turned sixty and thats the law.(Jerry Seinfeld)Never in my life  did I  remember Mama staying in bed past sunrise.(Jennifer Niven,  Velva Jean Learns to Drive. Plume, 2009)At no time  did I  feel threatened or in danger of violence.  At no time  did I  feel inclined to regard any of my colleagues as lazy or inept—or feel they were insinuating similar judgments about me.(Garret Keizer, Getting Schooled.  Harpers Magazine, 2012)  Exclamative Sentence Negation- In adult  colloquial  English,  exclamative  sentence negation  can be defined as the combinat ion of an  idiomatic  word or phrase, e.g.,  No way, like hell, the hell, yeah right, my eye, bullcookies, nonsense,  with a sentence..., e.g.,  Like hell Al and Hilary are married, Al and Hilary are married, my eye.(Kenneth F. Drozd, Metalinguistic Sentence Negation in Child English.  Perspectives on Negation and Polarity Items, ed. by Jack Hoeksema et al. John Benjamins, 2001)- Shelby Boyd sidled up to Al Heakland and said under his breath, Its time to pay up, Al.Like hell, I will,  Heakland whispered in a stern tone.Like hell, you wont, said Boyd in the same tone of voice.(Ralph Cotton,  Showdown at Hole-In-the -Wall. Penguin, 2009)- My throats all tight, and  theres  no way  Im going to  cry in front of Ellery and Peyton.(Gail Nall,  Breaking the Ice.  Simon and Schuster,  2015)

The Homelessness Epidemic - 842 Words

From the wise words of Nelson Mandela â€Å"No one is born hating another person, for love comes more naturally to the human heart than its opposite.† Discrimination is an on going controversial issue, which can range from status of class, based on gender, color of one’s skin, and almost every group there is possible. Across America, we’re all classified by at least a category, and social class happens to be one of them. The homeless, being the lowest class is often looked down on. According to preliminary figures by the National Coalition for the Homeless (NCH), in 2013, homeless Americans experienced a 23% increase in violence compared with the year before. Hate crimes are common among the homeless, especially in Florida according to, Huffington post. Cousins Jose Llano-Xolo, 14, and Juan Xolo-Merlin, 17 was using â€Å"self-defense† when they put a homeless man in a chokehold and stabbed him with a pen. In Seattle of March 15, two off-duty firefighters and a female companion attacked a homeless man sleeping on a memorial. Love, smiles and hope are the positivity I want to be spreading like giving change to the homeless for example, instead of discrimination, which is harsh. Nearly half of families in the US live below 250% of the federal poverty level based on the Hamilton Project . One mistake, even a penny short can lead people into poverty, even a dollar can literally mean a lottery win, because every bit counts, it’s either life or death. Discrimination against women isShow MoreRelatedThe Homelessness Epidemic Of Homelessness1958 Words   |  8 Pages The Homelessness Epidemic According to the National Alliance to End Homelessness, approximately 564,708 people were homeless on a single night in January of 2015 in the United States (â€Å"The State of Homelessness in 2016†). It is estimated that 250,000 people who suffer from Mental Health illnesses are homeless (Torrey). 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Personal Theory Paper Free Essays

Personality Theory Paper Sherry Richards PSYCH 504 April 8, 2013 Shawn Davis Ph. D. Personality Theory Paper The film Rudy is about a young man from a blue-collar family who wants to play football for Notre Dame, with less than stellar grades, and no money for college Rudy goes to work at the steel mill where his father works. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Theory Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Then things all changed when his best friend was killed in an explosion, Rudy decides to follow his dream. That dream of attending Notre Dame and playing on the football team of the Fighting Irish. He fails to get admitted after leaving for the campus of Notre Dame. He obtains the assistance and sponsorship from a local priest and starts at a small junior college called Holy Cross College; this is to get grades good enough to allow for a transfer so he hopes. After befriending a graduate student and the teaching assistant at the junior college D-Bob, they strike a deal that Rudy will help him meet girls in exchange for the toutoring that he will provided. D-Bob has Rudy tested and find out that dyslexia which was a big part of the learning issues and Rudy then learns how to overcome this disability and becomes a better student. Rudy continues to bomb out with setting up D-Bob until a girl set him up with Elsa. At Christmas when Rudy goes home, the family mocks him and his ambition to get into the college and play football. Once back at school when finally receives the approval for the transfer to Notre Dame, from the junior college, he runs home to tell the family. His father tells everyone via the loudspeaker at the steel mill. Rudy goes to the stadium groundskeeper and offers to work at no charge after not accepted into the college. Since Rudy has no other place, he utilizes the office cot. By using the window to come and go until the groundskeeper realizes this and eventually comes around to liking Rudy and even gives him his own key, Rudy returns once he is accepted into Notre Dame on the last semester transfer. Even though he walks on the field as a non-scholarship player for the team, the coach tells Rudy that even the scholarship players will not make the dress roster of the players who are on the field during the football games. One thing that the coach notices is that Rudy has more drive than many of the other members of the team that are there on scholarship. Coach Parseghian agrees to allow Rudy to dress for one home game, as it is senior year, so his family and friends can see him on the team. There was a change in coaches and then Rudy was not on the roster for the next to last game so he quit the team. The groundskeeper whose name is Fortune tells Rudy that he will regret it as he will never have the chance again. Therefore, this convinces him to return to the team. The team captain and a senior stand up for Rudy and request that Rudy be allowed to dress for the final game and many say that he can wear their number, as they will not play so he can. The result is the final game that is at home when he will be allowed to play. Rudy gets to lead the team out of the tunnel and onto the field and he gets onto the official roster of the Notre Dame Football team. Rudy is in for the final play, he tackles the other teams quarterback, and the team carries him off the field on their shoulders. Karen Horney psychoanalytical social theory believes that the childhood experiences are the biggest social and cultural conditions that shape the personality. In this situation, I feel that Rudy would be neurotic search for glory. He is determined to be on the team and be on the field. This to me is a dream yes, but also wanting to search for pride and glory. Horney stressed culture and that it cannot be ignored when working with people. According to the western culture as she saw it that the society demand for success and achievement are almost endless so that normal people have new, additional goals put to them all the time and that with hard work and effort with no regard to the social position, competitiveness of others or genetics. She believes that childhood is where the majority of the neurotic problems come from. And that without the genuine warmth and affection there are debilitating personal problems. The drive that Rudy shows according to her is due to a neurosis, just because he wants this does not mean that he was not treated right as a child it is a dream and he ended up making it real. Abraham Maslow suggested a hierarchy of needs that illustrate a process of attaining self-actuation through fulfillment of a succession of needs from basic psychobiological needs to important psychological needs (Cervone Pervin, 2010). The sixteen-personality factor model developed by Cattell, was developed utilizing the work of previous scientists in the field. The esire to have descriptors of low range and high range which then gave the primary factor. The primary factors for Rudy I believe would be social boldness as he wants what he wants and works to find a way to get in the high range and high side of self-reliance. He wants to play for the Notre Dame team in his senior year. He with the help of his sponsor start out in a junior college and make it to the college he wishes to be at, then he works to overcome obstacles which are his size and weight to be on the team. He through help of other teammates gets into the last home game of the season and has several accomplishments. The first he leads the team onto the field at the beginning of the game so that his friends and family see him in the Notre Dame uniform, then he sacks the quarterback in the last play of the game and the teammates carry him off the field on their shoulders in celebration. The factors that drive Rudy I feel is the dream he seeks to make real and he does that regardless of obstacles that are there for him, such as poor academics, height, and weight. Works Cited Bohart, D. A. (2013, March 16). Legal, Ethical, and professional Issues in Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy. Retrieved from academyprojects. org: http://www. cademyprojects. org/alternatives. htm Cervone, Pervin. (2010). Personality: Theory and research (11th ed. ). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. DeSouse, A. (2011). Freudian theory and consciousness: A concptual analysis. Brain, Mind and Consciousness: An International, Interdisciplinary Perspective, 210-217. helpguide. (2013, March 25). phobias and fears: symptoms, treatment, and self-h elp. Retrieved from helpguide. org: www. helpguide. org/mental/phobia_symptoms_types_treatment. htm Institute of Medicine (US). (2006). Committee on Assessing Interactions Among Social, Behavior, and genetic Factors in Health. Washingtonm D. C. , US. How to cite Personal Theory Paper, Papers